Weighing up black holes with the NTT

By Mark Durré & Jeremy Mould
[email protected] 
[email protected]

Artist's impression of the jet from a supermassive black hole. Credit: ESO.

We are engaged in The Southern Hemisphere Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Infrared Survey. Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 (NLSy1) galaxies may be a young, fast-growing phase of active galactic nuclei (AGN).

Our SOFI study on La Silla’s New Technology Telescope probes the kinematics of the gas in the line emitting region, focusing on the Paschen-alpha/H-beta ratio. Observations in the near infrared have the advantage of penetrating obscuring dust; the Paschen-alpha emission line flux (1875 nm) is less affected than the H-beta flux (486.3 nm) and thus allows us to see deeper into the region hundreds of AU (1 AU = distance from the sun to the Earth) from the central black hole.

ESO's New Technology Telescope on La Silla. Credit: ESO
Black hole masses of the NLSy1 galaxies measured in our survey range from similar to that of the Milky Way’s nuclear black hole (4 million solar masses), to nearly a hundred times that. The Paschen-alpha line widths range from 110 to 2700 km/sec. The emission mechanism is recombination rather than shocks. Obscuration by dust is relatively light.
 
Besides characterising the local z < 0.5 NLSy1 population, follow-up work is being planned to zero in on the circumnuclear environment with the VLT’s adaptive optics integral field unit instrumentation including SINFONIMUSE, and soon ERIS. In previous work on AGN, complex nuclear structure, ionization cones emanating from hidden nuclei, inner star-forming rings and spiraling central dust lanes have been found. These are predicted by the Unified Model of AGN, as radiation and material outflow from the accretion disk is collimated by the surrounding dusty torus to impinge on the ISM, exciting the gas by photoionization and shocks.
 
The survey is ongoing with one half of the sky complete. Along the way we’ve also made some surprising discoveries, including an AGB star with a thick circumstellar shell.

Contributors

Michael Murphy is the Australian representative on the ESO Science Technical Committee. Contact: [email protected]

Sarah Sweet is the Australian representative on the ESO Users Committee. Contact: [email protected]

Stuart Ryder is a Program Manager with AAL. Contact: [email protected]

Guest posts are also welcome – please submit these to [email protected]